9.2 Lifestyle Chemistry: Human Digestive System

Objectives

•       Identify the parts of the digestive system
•       Outline the role of the stomach and the small intestine in breaking down food
•       Discuss the difference in pH of the stomach and the small intestine

Role of the stomach

•       Storage of food
•       Conversion of food by gastric juice into a soft semi-fluid mass which is released into the duodenum for transfer to the small intestine
•       Protein digestion.  Gastric juice contains enzymes which start breaking down proteins.  Hydrochloric acid keeps the stomach at the best pH for these enzymes.
•       Not much food is absorbed into the body in the stomach
•       A small amount of water is absorbed
•       Some fat-soluble substances are absorbed

Role of the small intestine

•       Completing the breakdown of food using:
–      Digestive juices from the pancreas
–      Bile form the liver (emulsify fats)
–      Enzymes from the wall of the intestine (proteins converted to amino acids)
–      Carbohydrates converted to glucose
•       Most water is digested in the duodenum and small intestine

pH in the digestive system

•       HCl makes the stomach much more acidic than the small intestine
•       Pancreatic juice is alkaline.  This neutralises the HCl and generates the ideal pH for the enzymes in the small intestine

Review of Objectives

•       Identify the parts of the digestive system
•       Outline the role of the stomach and the small intestine in breaking down food
•       Discuss the difference in pH of the stomach and the small intestine


No comments:

Post a Comment